The genicular nerves supply sensation to your knee joint. When the knee becomes a source of pain — often from osteoarthritis — targeting these nerves aims to reduce your pain, though individual results vary. There are several treatment options, used only as far as needed:

• Local anaesthetic: numbs the nerves immediately, helping confirm them as a source of your pain.
• Steroid: reduces inflammation around the nerves for longer-lasting relief.
• Pulsed radiofrequency (pulsed RF): short bursts of energy that calm the nerves without destroying them, aiming for relief lasting weeks to months.
• Thermal radiofrequency (thermal RFA): uses heat to disable the nerves for longer (typically 6-12 months), only considered if pulsed RF relief doesn't last long enough.

This is often combined with an arthrogram (injection directly into the joint) in the same session when clinically appropriate.

This procedure may help if you have:

• Chronic knee pain, often from osteoarthritis
• Not a candidate for, or wishing to delay, knee replacement surgery
• Not had lasting relief from physiotherapy, medication, or activity modification

It isn't possible to guarantee how any individual will respond. As a general guide:

• Local anaesthetic: works within minutes and wears off after a few hours.
• Steroid: starts working after a few days and the effect can last for weeks or sometimes longer.
• Pulsed RF: effect usually begins after a couple of weeks and may last for a few months.
• Thermal RFA: full effect typically develops over 6-12 weeks and often lasts several months to a year.

This procedure is generally considered safe when performed under X-ray guidance, though as with any medical procedure benefit cannot be guaranteed and complications rarely occur. Pulsed RF modulates the nerve rather than destroying it.

Common, minor effects:

• Temporary soreness or bruising around the knee for a day or two
• Brief flare of your usual knee pain before it settles
• Temporary rise in blood sugar for 1-2 days after the steroid, particularly if you have diabetes

Rare, more serious risks:

• Infection or bleeding at the injection site
• Nerve injury, which may rarely be permanent
• Allergic reaction to the local anaesthetic, steroid, or contrast dye
• Small increased lifetime risk from the X-ray exposure used to guide the procedure
• Serious sedation or anaesthetic complications, very rarely including stroke or death
• No improvement in pain, or relief that doesn't last

• Tell us about any blood-thinning medication (e.g. warfarin, Xarelto, Plavix) well in advance — special arrangements may be needed and you may be asked to pause these under guidance
• Tell us if you are, or might be, pregnant — this procedure uses X-ray guidance
• Tell us about any allergies, including to contrast dye, local anaesthetics, or reactions to previous injections or anaesthesia
• You will usually be asked to fast for 6 hours beforehand if sedation is planned
• Bring a list of your current medications
• Arrange for someone to drive you home afterwards

• The skin over the treatment area is cleaned with antiseptic
• Local anaesthetic numbs the skin before the main needle is placed
• Live X-ray (fluoroscopy) guides the needle precisely to each target
• A brief stimulation test checks the needle is correctly positioned
• The procedure usually takes 20-30 minutes

• You will be monitored briefly in recovery before going home
• Some soreness at the injection sites is common for 1-3 days — simple pain relief (e.g. paracetamol) usually helps
• You may remove the small dressing after 24 hours, keeping the area clean and dry
• Avoid strenuous activity or heavy lifting for 24-48 hours
• If you were sedated, avoid driving, operating machinery, or making important legal or financial decisions for 24 hours
• Continue your regular medications unless specifically advised otherwise

Contact your GP, Total Pain Clinic, or your nearest Emergency Department if you notice:

• Increasing redness, warmth, swelling, or discharge at the injection site or knee
• Fever or feeling generally unwell
• Inability to bear weight, or worsening calf swelling or pain
• Severe pain not settling with simple pain relief

A review appointment is usually arranged 2-4 weeks after your procedure to discuss how you responded and plan next steps — please call Total Pain Clinic reception to schedule this if it hasn't already been arranged. Please ask your doctor any questions before you proceed; you will be asked to sign a consent form if you agree to go ahead.